Effects of turbidity on the reactive distance, search time, and foraging success of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

نویسندگان

  • Justin J. Meager
  • Turid Solbakken
  • Anne C. Utne-Palm
  • Tina Oen
چکیده

We investigated the effects of turbidity on the foraging behaviour of juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on mysid prey (Praunus neglectus) in the laboratory. The influence of turbidity on vision and chemoreception was examined by measuring reactive distances and search times to visual, chemical, and visual–chemical prey cues over turbidity levels ranging from 0.4 to 17·m–1 (beam attenuation·m–1). We also compared foraging rates of juvenile cod on mysids in highly turbid water and clear water under well lit and totally dark conditions. Juvenile cod using chemical cues were able to locate mysids from significantly longer distances than when only visual cues were available. Turbidity did not affect reactive distance to chemical cues, and had only a weak negative effect on reactive distance to visual and visual–chemical cues. Search time was variable, but tended to increase with turbidity. Turbidity did not affect predation rates on free-ranging mysids, but predation rates were significantly lower in dark conditions than in well lit conditions. We suggest that juvenile cod use chemoreception in conjunction with vision (at close ranges) to locate prey in highly turbid water. Résumé : Nous avons étudié les effets de la turbidité sur le comportement de prédation de jeunes morues franches (Gadus morhua) sur des proies mysidacées (Praunus neglectus) en laboratoire. Nous avons déterminé l’influence de la turbidité sur la vision et la chimioréception en mesurant les distances de réaction et la durée de la recherche en fonction de signaux visuels, chimiques et chimiques–visuels des proies sur une gamme de turbidités de 0.4 à 17·m–1 (atténuation du faisceau·m–1). Nous avons aussi comparé les taux d’alimentation des jeunes morues sur les mysidacées dans de l’eau fortement turbide et de l’eau claire dans des conditions de bonne lumière et d’obscurité totale. Les jeunes morues sont capables de localiser les mysidacées à l’aide de signaux chimiques à des distances significativement plus grandes qu’à l’aide de seuls signaux visuels. La turbidité n’affecte pas la distance de réaction aux signaux chimiques et elle n’a qu’un faible effet négatif sur la distance de réaction aux signaux visuels et chimiques–visuels. La durée de la recherche des proies est variable, mais elle tend à augmenter en fonction de la turbidité. La turbidité n’affecte pas les taux de prédation sur les mysidacées libres, mais les taux de prédation sont significativement plus bas en conditions d’obscurité que de bon éclairement. Nous pensons que les jeunes morues utilisent la chimioréception en conjonction avec la vision (à courte distance) pour localiser leurs proies dans les eaux très troubles. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Meager et al. 1984

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تاریخ انتشار 2005